Signal Processing Toolbox

Getting Started

Preface

Overview

What Is the Signal Processing Toolbox?

R12 Related Products List

How to Use This Manual

If You Are a New User

If You Are an Experienced Toolbox User

All Toolbox Users

Installing the Signal Processing Toolbox

Technical Conventions

Typographical Conventions

Signal Processing Basics

Overview

Signal Processing Toolbox Central Features

Filtering and FFTs

Signals and Systems

Key Areas: Filter Design and Spectral Analysis

Interactive Tools: SPTool and FDATool

Extensibility

Representing Signals

Vector Representation

Waveform Generation: Time Vectors and Sinusoids

Common Sequences: Unit Impulse, Unit Step, and Unit Ramp

Multichannel Signals

Common Periodic Waveforms

Common Aperiodic Waveforms

The pulstran Function

The Sinc Function

The Dirichlet Function

Working with Data

Filter Implementation and Analysis

Convolution and Filtering

Filters and Transfer Functions

Filter Coefficients and Filter Names

Filtering with the filter Function

The filter Function

Other Functions for Filtering

Multirate Filter Bank Implementation

Anti-Causal, Zero-Phase Filter Implementation

Frequency Domain Filter Implementation

Impulse Response

Frequency Response

Digital Domain

Analog Domain

Magnitude and Phase

Delay

Zero-Pole Analysis

Linear System Models

Discrete-Time System Models

Transfer Function

Zero-Pole-Gain

State-Space

Partial Fraction Expansion (Residue Form)

Second-Order Sections (SOS)

Lattice Structure

Convolution Matrix

Continuous-Time System Models

Linear System Transformations

Discrete Fourier Transform

Selected Bibliography

Using the Signal Processing Toolbox

Filter Design

Overview

Filter Requirements and Specification

IIR Filter Design

Classical IIR Filter Design Using Analog Prototyping

Complete Classical IIR Filter Design

Designing IIR Filters to Frequency Domain Specifications

Comparison of Classical IIR Filter Types

Butterworth Filter

Chebyshev Type I Filter

Chebyshev Type II Filter

Elliptic Filter

Bessel Filter

Direct IIR Filter Design

Generalized Butterworth Filter Design

FIR Filter Design

Linear Phase Filters

Windowing Method

Standard Band FIR Filter Design: fir1

Multiband FIR Filter Design: fir2

Multiband FIR Filter Design with Transition Bands

Basic Configurations

The Weight Vector

Anti-Symmetric Filters / Hilbert Transformers

Differentiators

Constrained Least Squares FIR Filter Design

Basic Lowpass and Highpass CLS Filter Design

Multiband CLS Filter Design

Weighted CLS Filter Design

Arbitrary-Response Filter Design

Multiband Filter Design

Filter Design with Reduced Delay

Special Topics in IIR Filter Design

Analog Prototype Design

Frequency Transformation

Filter Discretization

Impulse Invariance

Bilinear Transformation

Selected Bibliography

Statistical Signal Processing

Overview

Correlation and Covariance

Bias and Normalization

Multiple Channels

Spectral Analysis

Spectral Estimation Method Overview

Nonparametric Methods

The Periodogram

Performance of the Periodogram 3-12

The Modified Periodogram

Welch's Method

Bias and Normalization in Welch's Method

Multitaper Method

Cross-Spectral Density Function

Confidence Intervals

Transfer Function Estimate

Coherence Function

Parametric Methods

Yule-Walker AR Method

Burg Method

Covariance and Modified Covariance Methods

MUSIC and Eigenvector Analysis Methods

Eigenanalysis Overview

Selected Bibliography

Special Topics

Overview

Windows

Basic Shapes

Generalized Cosine Windows

Kaiser Window

Kaiser Windows in FIR Design

Chebyshev Window

Parametric Modeling

Time-Domain Based Modeling

Linear Prediction

Prony's Method (ARMA Modeling)

Steiglitz-McBride Method (ARMA Modeling)

Frequency-Domain Based Modeling

Resampling

Cepstrum Analysis

Inverse Complex Cepstrum

FFT-Based Time-Frequency Analysis

Median Filtering

Communications Applications

Deconvolution

Specialized Transforms

Chirp z-Transform

Discrete Cosine Transform

Hilbert Transform

Selected Bibliography

Filter Design and Analysis Tool

Overview

Filter Design Methods

Using the Filter Design and Analysis Tool

Analyzing Filter Responses

Filter Design and Analysis Tool Modes

Getting Help

Opening the Filter Design and Analysis Tool

Getting Help

Context-Sensitive Help: The What's This? Button

Choosing a Filter Type

Choosing a Filter Design Method

Setting the Filter Design Specifications

Bandpass Filter Frequency Specifications

Bandpass Filter Magnitude Specifications

Filter Order

Computing the Filter Coefficients

Analyzing the Filter

Converting the Filter Structure

Importing a Filter Design

Filter Structures

Direct Form

Direct Form II (Second-Order Sections)

State-Space

Lattice

Quantized Filter (Qfilt Object)

Exporting a Filter Design

Exporting Filter Coefficients to the Workspace

Exporting Filter Coefficients to a Text File

Saving and Opening Filter Design Sessions

SPTool: A Signal Processing GUI Suite

Overview

SPTool: An Interactive Signal Processing Environment

SPTool Data Structures

Opening SPTool

Overview of the Signal Browser: Signal Analysis

Opening the Signal Browser

Overview of the Filter Designer: Filter Design

Filter Types

FIR Filter Methods

IIR Filter Methods

Pole/Zero Editor

Spectral Overlay Feature

Opening the Filter Designer

Overview of the Filter Viewer: Filter Analysis

Opening the Filter Viewer

Overview of the Spectrum Viewer: Spectral Analysis

Opening the Spectrum Viewer

Getting Help

Context-Sensitive Help: The What's This? Button

Using SPTool: Filtering and Analysis of Noise

Importing a Signal into SPTool

Designing a Filter

Opening the Filter Designer

Specifying the Bandpass Filter

Applying a Filter to a Signal

Analyzing Signals: Opening the Signal Browser

Playing a Signal

Printing a Signal

Spectral Analysis in the Spectrum Viewer

Creating a PSD Object From a Signal

Opening the Spectrum Viewer with Two Spectra

Printing the Spectra

Exporting Signals, Filters, and Spectra

Opening the Export Dialog Box

Exporting a Filter to the MATLAB Workspace

Designing a Filter with the Pole/Zero Editor

Positioning Poles and Zeros

Redesigning a Filter Using the Magnitude Plot

Accessing Filter Parameters in a Saved Filter

The tf Field: Accessing Filter Coefficients

The Fs Field: Accessing Filter Sample Frequency

The specs Field: Accessing other Filter Parameters

Accessing Parameters in a Saved Spectrum

Importing Filters and Spectra into SPTool

Importing Filters

Importing Spectra

Loading Variables from the Disk

Selecting Signals, Filters, and Spectra in SPTool

Editing Signals, Filters, or Spectra in SPTool

Setting Preferences

Making Signal Measurements: Using Markers

Reference

Function Reference

Function Category List

Alphabetical List of Functions

abs

ac2poly

ac2rc

angle

arburg

arcov

armcov

aryule

bartlett

besselap

besself

bilinear

blackman

boxcar

buffer

buttap

butter

buttord

cceps

cell2sos

cheb1ap

cheb1ord

cheb2ap

cheb2ord

chebwin

cheby1

cheby2

chirp

cohere

conv

conv2

convmtx

corrcoef

corrmtx

cov

cplxpair

cremez

csd

czt

dct

decimate

deconv

demod

dftmtx

diric

dpss

dpssclear

dpssdir

dpssload

dpsssave

ellip

ellipap

ellipord

eqtflength

fdatool

fft

fft2

fftfilt

fftshift

filter

filter2

filtfilt

filtic

fir1

fir2

fircls

fircls1

firls

firrcos

freqs

freqspace

freqz

freqzplot

gauspuls

gmonopuls

grpdelay

hamming

hann

hilbert

icceps

idct

ifft

ifft2

impinvar

impz

interp

intfilt

invfreqs

invfreqz

is2rc

kaiser

kaiserord

lar2rc

latc2tf

latcfilt

levinson

lp2bp

lp2bs

lp2hp

lp2lp

lpc

lsf2poly

maxflat

medfilt1

modulate

pburg

pcov

peig

periodogram

pmcov

pmtm

pmusic

poly2ac

poly2lsf

poly2rc

polyscale

polystab

prony

psdplot

pulstran

pwelch

pyulear

rc2ac

rc2is

rc2lar

rc2poly

rceps

rectpuls

remez

remezord

resample

residuez

rlevinson

rooteig

rootmusic

sawtooth

schurrc

seqperiod

sgolay

sgolayfilt

sinc

sos2cell

sos2ss

sos2tf

sos2zp

sosfilt

specgram

sptool

square

ss2sos

ss2tf

ss2zp

stmcb

strips

tf2latc

tf2sos

tf2ss

tf2zp

tfe

triang

tripuls

udecode

uencode

unwrap

upfirdn

vco

xcorr

xcorr2

xcov

yulewalk

zp2sos

zp2ss

zp2tf

zplane

Filter Design and Analysis Tool Reference

Filter Design and Analysis GUI Overview

Display Region

Display Region: Filter Specifications

Display Region: Magnitude Response

Display Region: Phase Response

Display Region: Magnitude and Phase Response

Display Region: Group Delay

Display Region: Impulse Response

Display Region: Step Response

Display Region: Pole/Zero Plot

Display Region: Filter Coefficients

Filter Type Region

Lowpass Filters

Highpass Filters

Bandpass Filters

Bandstop Filters

Differentiator Filters

Hilbert Transformer Filters

Multiband Filters

Arbitrary Magnitude Filters

Arbitrary Group Delay Filters

Design Method Region

Current Filter Information Region

Convert Structure Button

Quantization Region

Frequency Specifications Region

Frequency Specifications Region: Lowpass Butterworth

Frequency Specifications Region:
Lowpass Chebyshev Type I

Frequency Specifications Region:
Lowpass Chebyshev Type II

Frequency Specifications Region: Lowpass Elliptic

Frequency Specifications Region: Lowpass Equiripple

Frequency Specifications Region: Lowpass Least-Squares

Frequency Specifications Region: Lowpass Window

Frequency Specifications Region: Highpass Butterworth

Frequency Specifications Region:
Highpass Chebyshev Type I

Frequency Specifications Region:
Highpass Chebyshev Type II

Frequency Specifications Region: Highpass Elliptic

Frequency Specifications Region: Highpass Equiripple

Frequency Specifications Region: Highpass Least-Squares

Frequency Specifications Region: Highpass Window

Frequency Specifications Region: Bandpass Butterworth

Frequency Specifications Region:
Bandpass Chebyshev Type I

Frequency Specifications Region:
Bandpass Chebyshev Type II

Frequency Specifications Region: Bandpass Elliptic

Frequency Specifications Region: Bandpass Equiripple

Frequency Specifications Region: Bandpass Least-Squares

Frequency Specifications Region: Bandpass Window

Frequency Specifications Region: Bandstop Butterworth

Frequency Specifications Region:
Bandstop Chebyshev Type I

Frequency Specifications Region:
Bandstop Chebyshev Type II

Frequency Specifications Region: Bandstop Elliptic

Frequency Specifications Region: Bandstop Equiripple

Frequency Specifications Region: Bandstop Least-Squares

Frequency Specifications Region: Bandstop Window

Magnitude Specifications Region

Magnitude Specifications Region: Lowpass Butterworth

Magnitude Specifications Region:
Lowpass Chebyshev Type I

Magnitude Specifications Region:
Lowpass Chebyshev Type II

Magnitude Specifications Region: Lowpass Elliptic

Magnitude Specifications Region: Lowpass Equiripple

Magnitude Specifications Region: Lowpass Least-Squares

Magnitude Specifications Region: Lowpass Window

Magnitude Specifications Region: Highpass Butterworth

Magnitude Specifications Region:
Highpass Chebyshev Type I

Magnitude Specifications Region:
Highpass Chebyshev Type II

Magnitude Specifications Region: Highpass Elliptic

Magnitude Specifications Region: Highpass Equiripple

Magnitude Specifications Region: Highpass Least-Squares

Magnitude Specifications Region: Highpass Window

Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandpass Butterworth

Magnitude Specifications Region:
Bandpass Chebyshev Type I

Magnitude Specifications Region:
Bandpass Chebyshev Type II

Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandpass Elliptic

Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandpass Equiripple

Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandpass Least-Squares

Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandpass Window

Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandstop Butterworth

Magnitude Specifications Region:
Bandstop Chebyshev Type I

Magnitude Specifications Region:
Bandstop Chebyshev Type II

Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandstop Elliptic

Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandstop Equiripple

Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandstop Least-Squares

Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandstop Window

Frequency and Magnitude Specifications Region:
Differentiator

Frequency and Magnitude Specifications Region:
Hilbert Transformer

Frequency and Magnitude Specifications Region:
Multiband

Frequency and Magnitude Specifications Region:
Arbitrary Magnitude

Frequency and Magnitude Specifications Region:
Arbitrary Group Delay

Filter Order Region

Window Specification Region

Import Filter Tab

Import Filter Coefficients Region

Import Filter Coefficients: Direct Form

Import Filter Coefficients:
Direct Form II (Second-Order Sections)

Import Filter Coefficients: State-Space

Import Filter Coefficients: Lattice

Import Filter Coefficients: Quantized Filter (Qfilt Object)

Design Filter Tab

Import Filter Button

Design Filter Button


 Getting Started