Getting Started

    Preface
        Overview
        What Is the Signal Processing Toolbox?
        R12 Related Products List
        How to Use This Manual
            If You Are a New User
            If You Are an Experienced Toolbox User
            All Toolbox Users

        Installing the Signal Processing Toolbox
        Technical Conventions
        Typographical Conventions

    Signal Processing Basics
        Overview
        Signal Processing Toolbox Central Features
            Filtering and FFTs
            Signals and Systems
            Key Areas: Filter Design and Spectral Analysis
            Interactive Tools: SPTool and FDATool
            Extensibility

        Representing Signals
            Vector Representation

        Waveform Generation: Time Vectors and Sinusoids
            Common Sequences: Unit Impulse, Unit Step, and Unit Ramp
            Multichannel Signals
            Common Periodic Waveforms
            Common Aperiodic Waveforms
            The pulstran Function
            The Sinc Function
            The Dirichlet Function

        Working with Data
        Filter Implementation and Analysis
            Convolution and Filtering
            Filters and Transfer Functions
                Filter Coefficients and Filter Names

            Filtering with the filter Function

        The filter Function
        Other Functions for Filtering
            Multirate Filter Bank Implementation
            Anti-Causal, Zero-Phase Filter Implementation
            Frequency Domain Filter Implementation

        Impulse Response
        Frequency Response
            Digital Domain
            Analog Domain
            Magnitude and Phase
            Delay

        Zero-Pole Analysis
        Linear System Models
            Discrete-Time System Models
                Transfer Function
                Zero-Pole-Gain
                State-Space
                Partial Fraction Expansion (Residue Form)
                Second-Order Sections (SOS)
                Lattice Structure
                Convolution Matrix

            Continuous-Time System Models
            Linear System Transformations

        Discrete Fourier Transform
        Selected Bibliography

Using the Signal Processing Toolbox

    Filter Design
        Overview
        Filter Requirements and Specification
        IIR Filter Design
            Classical IIR Filter Design Using Analog Prototyping
                Complete Classical IIR Filter Design
                Designing IIR Filters to Frequency Domain Specifications

            Comparison of Classical IIR Filter Types
                Butterworth Filter
                Chebyshev Type I Filter
                Chebyshev Type II Filter
                Elliptic Filter
                Bessel Filter
                Direct IIR Filter Design
                Generalized Butterworth Filter Design

        FIR Filter Design
            Linear Phase Filters
            Windowing Method
                Standard Band FIR Filter Design: fir1
                Multiband FIR Filter Design: fir2

            Multiband FIR Filter Design with Transition Bands
                Basic Configurations
                The Weight Vector
                Anti-Symmetric Filters / Hilbert Transformers
                Differentiators

            Constrained Least Squares FIR Filter Design
                Basic Lowpass and Highpass CLS Filter Design
                Multiband CLS Filter Design
                Weighted CLS Filter Design

            Arbitrary-Response Filter Design
                Multiband Filter Design
                Filter Design with Reduced Delay

        Special Topics in IIR Filter Design
            Analog Prototype Design
            Frequency Transformation
            Filter Discretization
                Impulse Invariance
                Bilinear Transformation

        Selected Bibliography

    Statistical Signal Processing
        Overview
        Correlation and Covariance
            Bias and Normalization
            Multiple Channels

        Spectral Analysis
            Spectral Estimation Method Overview
            Nonparametric Methods
                The Periodogram
                The Modified Periodogram
                Welch's Method
                Bias and Normalization in Welch's Method
                Multitaper Method
                Cross-Spectral Density Function
                Confidence Intervals
                Transfer Function Estimate
                Coherence Function

            Parametric Methods
                Yule-Walker AR Method
                Burg Method
                Covariance and Modified Covariance Methods
                MUSIC and Eigenvector Analysis Methods
                Eigenanalysis Overview

        Selected Bibliography

    Special Topics
        Overview
        Windows
            Basic Shapes
            Generalized Cosine Windows
            Kaiser Window
                Kaiser Windows in FIR Design

            Chebyshev Window

        Parametric Modeling
            Time-Domain Based Modeling
                Linear Prediction
                Prony's Method (ARMA Modeling)
                Steiglitz-McBride Method (ARMA Modeling)

            Frequency-Domain Based Modeling

        Resampling
        Cepstrum Analysis
            Inverse Complex Cepstrum

        FFT-Based Time-Frequency Analysis
        Median Filtering
        Communications Applications
        Deconvolution
        Specialized Transforms
            Chirp z-Transform
            Discrete Cosine Transform
            Hilbert Transform

        Selected Bibliography

    Filter Design and Analysis Tool
        Overview
            Filter Design Methods
            Using the Filter Design and Analysis Tool
            Analyzing Filter Responses
            Filter Design and Analysis Tool Modes
            Getting Help

        Opening the Filter Design and Analysis Tool
        Getting Help
            Context-Sensitive Help: The What's This? Button

        Choosing a Filter Type
        Choosing a Filter Design Method
        Setting the Filter Design Specifications
            Bandpass Filter Frequency Specifications
            Bandpass Filter Magnitude Specifications
            Filter Order

        Computing the Filter Coefficients
        Analyzing the Filter
        Converting the Filter Structure
        Importing a Filter Design
            Filter Structures
                Direct Form
                Direct Form II (Second-Order Sections)
                State-Space
                Lattice
                Quantized Filter (Qfilt Object)

        Exporting a Filter Design
            Exporting Filter Coefficients to the Workspace
            Exporting Filter Coefficients to a Text File

        Saving and Opening Filter Design Sessions

    SPTool: A Signal Processing GUI Suite
        Overview
        SPTool: An Interactive Signal Processing Environment
            SPTool Data Structures

        Opening SPTool
        Overview of the Signal Browser: Signal Analysis
            Opening the Signal Browser

        Overview of the Filter Designer: Filter Design
            Filter Types
            FIR Filter Methods
            IIR Filter Methods
            Pole/Zero Editor
            Spectral Overlay Feature
            Opening the Filter Designer

        Overview of the Filter Viewer: Filter Analysis
            Opening the Filter Viewer

        Overview of the Spectrum Viewer: Spectral Analysis
            Opening the Spectrum Viewer

        Getting Help
            Context-Sensitive Help: The What's This? Button

        Using SPTool: Filtering and Analysis of Noise
        Importing a Signal into SPTool
        Designing a Filter
            Opening the Filter Designer
            Specifying the Bandpass Filter

        Applying a Filter to a Signal
        Analyzing Signals: Opening the Signal Browser
            Playing a Signal
            Printing a Signal

        Spectral Analysis in the Spectrum Viewer
            Creating a PSD Object From a Signal
            Opening the Spectrum Viewer with Two Spectra
            Printing the Spectra

        Exporting Signals, Filters, and Spectra
            Opening the Export Dialog Box
                Exporting a Filter to the MATLAB Workspace

        Designing a Filter with the Pole/Zero Editor
            Positioning Poles and Zeros

        Redesigning a Filter Using the Magnitude Plot
        Accessing Filter Parameters in a Saved Filter
            The tf Field: Accessing Filter Coefficients
            The Fs Field: Accessing Filter Sample Frequency
            The specs Field: Accessing other Filter Parameters

        Accessing Parameters in a Saved Spectrum
        Importing Filters and Spectra into SPTool
            Importing Filters
            Importing Spectra

        Loading Variables from the Disk
        Selecting Signals, Filters, and Spectra in SPTool
        Editing Signals, Filters, or Spectra in SPTool
        Setting Preferences
        Making Signal Measurements: Using Markers

Reference

    Function Reference
        Function Category List
        Alphabetical List of Functions
            abs
            ac2poly
            ac2rc
            angle
            arburg
            arcov
            armcov
            aryule
            bartlett
            besselap
            besself
            bilinear
            blackman
            boxcar
            buffer
            buttap
            butter
            buttord
            cceps
            cell2sos
            cheb1ap
            cheb1ord
            cheb2ap
            cheb2ord
            chebwin
            cheby1
            cheby2
            chirp
            cohere
            conv
            conv2
            convmtx
            corrcoef
            corrmtx
            cov
            cplxpair
            cremez
            csd
            czt
            dct
            decimate
            deconv
            demod
            dftmtx
            diric
            dpss
            dpssclear
            dpssdir
            dpssload
            dpsssave
            ellip
            ellipap
            ellipord
            eqtflength
            fdatool
            fft
            fft2
            fftfilt
            fftshift
            filter
            filter2
            filtfilt
            filtic
            fir1
            fir2
            fircls
            fircls1
            firls
            firrcos
            freqs
            freqspace
            freqz
            freqzplot
            gauspuls
            gmonopuls
            grpdelay
            hamming
            hann
            hilbert
            icceps
            idct
            ifft
            ifft2
            impinvar
            impz
            interp
            intfilt
            invfreqs
            invfreqz
            is2rc
            kaiser
            kaiserord
            lar2rc
            latc2tf
            latcfilt
            levinson
            lp2bp
            lp2bs
            lp2hp
            lp2lp
            lpc
            lsf2poly
            maxflat
            medfilt1
            modulate
            pburg
            pcov
            peig
            periodogram
            pmcov
            pmtm
            pmusic
            poly2ac
            poly2lsf
            poly2rc
            polyscale
            polystab
            prony
            psdplot
            pulstran
            pwelch
            pyulear
            rc2ac
            rc2is
            rc2lar
            rc2poly
            rceps
            rectpuls
            remez
            remezord
            resample
            residuez
            rlevinson
            rooteig
            rootmusic
            sawtooth
            schurrc
            seqperiod
            sgolay
            sgolayfilt
            sinc
            sos2cell
            sos2ss
            sos2tf
            sos2zp
            sosfilt
            specgram
            sptool
            square
            ss2sos
            ss2tf
            ss2zp
            stmcb
            strips
            tf2latc
            tf2sos
            tf2ss
            tf2zp
            tfe
            triang
            tripuls
            udecode
            uencode
            unwrap
            upfirdn
            vco
            xcorr
            xcorr2
            xcov
            yulewalk
            zp2sos
            zp2ss
            zp2tf
            zplane

    Filter Design and Analysis Tool Reference
        Filter Design and Analysis GUI Overview
        Display Region
        Display Region: Filter Specifications
        Display Region: Magnitude Response
        Display Region: Phase Response
        Display Region: Magnitude and Phase Response
        Display Region: Group Delay
        Display Region: Impulse Response
        Display Region: Step Response
        Display Region: Pole/Zero Plot
        Display Region: Filter Coefficients
        Filter Type Region
            Lowpass Filters
            Highpass Filters
            Bandpass Filters
            Bandstop Filters
            Differentiator Filters
            Hilbert Transformer Filters
            Multiband Filters
            Arbitrary Magnitude Filters
            Arbitrary Group Delay Filters

        Design Method Region
        Current Filter Information Region
        Convert Structure Button
        Quantization Region
        Frequency Specifications Region
        Frequency Specifications Region: Lowpass Butterworth
        Frequency Specifications Region: Lowpass Chebyshev Type I
        Frequency Specifications Region: Lowpass Chebyshev Type II
        Frequency Specifications Region: Lowpass Elliptic
        Frequency Specifications Region: Lowpass Equiripple
        Frequency Specifications Region: Lowpass Least-Squares
        Frequency Specifications Region: Lowpass Window
        Frequency Specifications Region: Highpass Butterworth
        Frequency Specifications Region: Highpass Chebyshev Type I
        Frequency Specifications Region: Highpass Chebyshev Type II
        Frequency Specifications Region: Highpass Elliptic
        Frequency Specifications Region: Highpass Equiripple
        Frequency Specifications Region: Highpass Least-Squares
        Frequency Specifications Region: Highpass Window
        Frequency Specifications Region: Bandpass Butterworth
        Frequency Specifications Region: Bandpass Chebyshev Type I
        Frequency Specifications Region: Bandpass Chebyshev Type II
        Frequency Specifications Region: Bandpass Elliptic
        Frequency Specifications Region: Bandpass Equiripple
        Frequency Specifications Region: Bandpass Least-Squares
        Frequency Specifications Region: Bandpass Window
        Frequency Specifications Region: Bandstop Butterworth
        Frequency Specifications Region: Bandstop Chebyshev Type I
        Frequency Specifications Region: Bandstop Chebyshev Type II
        Frequency Specifications Region: Bandstop Elliptic
        Frequency Specifications Region: Bandstop Equiripple
        Frequency Specifications Region: Bandstop Least-Squares
        Frequency Specifications Region: Bandstop Window
        Magnitude Specifications Region
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Lowpass Butterworth
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Lowpass Chebyshev Type I
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Lowpass Chebyshev Type II
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Lowpass Elliptic
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Lowpass Equiripple
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Lowpass Least-Squares
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Lowpass Window
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Highpass Butterworth
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Highpass Chebyshev Type I
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Highpass Chebyshev Type II
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Highpass Elliptic
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Highpass Equiripple
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Highpass Least-Squares
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Highpass Window
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandpass Butterworth
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandpass Chebyshev Type I
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandpass Chebyshev Type II
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandpass Elliptic
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandpass Equiripple
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandpass Least-Squares
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandpass Window
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandstop Butterworth
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandstop Chebyshev Type I
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandstop Chebyshev Type II
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandstop Elliptic
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandstop Equiripple
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandstop Least-Squares
        Magnitude Specifications Region: Bandstop Window
        Frequency and Magnitude Specifications Region: Differentiator
        Frequency and Magnitude Specifications Region: Hilbert Transformer
        Frequency and Magnitude Specifications Region: Multiband
        Frequency and Magnitude Specifications Region: Arbitrary Magnitude
        Frequency and Magnitude Specifications Region: Arbitrary Group Delay
        Filter Order Region
        Window Specification Region
        Import Filter Tab
        Import Filter Coefficients Region
        Import Filter Coefficients: Direct Form
        Import Filter Coefficients: Direct Form II (Second-Order Sections)
        Import Filter Coefficients: State-Space
        Import Filter Coefficients: Lattice
        Import Filter Coefficients: Quantized Filter (Qfilt Object)
        Design Filter Tab
        Import Filter Button
        Design Filter Button

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