Raingauge Networks

There are 22 raingauges located within a 200 km radius of the Kwajalein radar. Nine of the gauges are controlled by Aeromet: Carlos, Gagan, Illeginni, Kwajalein, Legan, Legan-Meso, Meck, Roi, and Roi-Meso. All of these are located on the Kwajalein Atoll. The radar data above gauges within 50 km of the radar are affected by clutter due to the presence of tall towers on the gauge island. Kwajalein and Carlos are within 15 km of the radar and are in perpetual clutter. This negates their usefulness for gauge/radar adjustments. Meck, Legan and Illeginni are affected by clutter to varying degrees but data should still be able to be extracted from these sites for gauge/radar adjustment by either using higher radar elevation angles or by using only the pixels around the island and not the pixel over the island itself. The other 13 gauges are controlled by the Republic of the Marshall Islands and are located on other atolls in addition to Kwajalein's: Biggarenn, Lae, Lib(2), Loen(2), Majkin(2), Mejatio, Namu (2), Wotja, and Yabbernohr. Lae and Wotja are located over 150 km from the radar so are not viable for radar/gauge adjustment. Some of the raingauge locations are quite remote so regular equipment maintenance and data retrieval are not always possible. There are significant data gaps for some of these gauges.

The raingauges are Qualimetrics tipping buckets equipped with Unidata Starloggers. The tipping buckets measure the number of 0.01 inch tips per 15 seconds for the Aeromet network and per 10 seconds for the RMI network. If there are more than 4-5 tips in a 10 or 15 second period (equal to rain rates > 300 mm/h) the data is normally removed. Month accumulations are in mm. Months that are obviously missing data or seem to have large gaps compared to surrounding gauges are flagged as .nf (not full). Beginning in 2001, the loggers were programmed to record a zero every six hours.