Creating and Manipulating Models

Building LTI Arrays Using the stack Function

Another way to build LTI arrays is using the function stack. This function operates on single LTI models as well as LTI arrays. It concatenates a list of LTI arrays or single LTI models only along the array dimension. The general syntax for stack is

stack(Arraydim,sys1,sys2...)

where

• Arraydim is the array dimension along which to concatenate the LTI models or arrays.
• sys1, sys2, ... are the LTI models or LTI arrays to be concatenated.

When you concatenate several models or LTI arrays along the jth array dimension, such as in

stack(j,sys1,sys2,...,sysn)

• The lengths of the I/O dimensions of sys1,...,sysn must all match.
• The lengths of all but the jth array dimension of sys1,...,sysn must match.

For example, if two TF models sys1 and sys2 have the same number of inputs and outputs,

sys = stack(1,sys1,sys2) 

concatenates them into a 2-by-1 array of models.

There are two principles that you should keep in mind:

• stack only concatenates along an array dimension, not an I/O dimension.
• To concatenate LTI models or LTI arrays along an input or output dimension, use the bracket notation ([,] [;]). See Model Interconnection Functions for more information on the use of bracket notation to concatenate models. See also Special Cases for Operations on LTI Arrays for some examples of this type of concatenation of LTI arrays.

Here's an example of how to build the LTI array H using the function stack.

% Set up the parameter vectors.
zeta = [0.66,0.75];
w = [1.2,1.5];
% Specify the four individual models with those parameters.
%
H11 = tf(w(1)^2,[1 2*zeta(1)*w(1) w(1)^2]);
H12 = tf(w(2)^2,[1 2*zeta(1)*w(2) w(2)^2]);
H21 = tf(w(1)^2,[1 2*zeta(2)*w(1) w(1)^2]);
H22 = tf(w(2)^2,[1 2*zeta(2)*w(2) w(2)^2]);
% Set up the LTI array using stack.
COL1 = stack(1,H11,H21); % The first column of the 2-by-2 array
COL2 = stack(1,H12,H22); % The second column of the 2-by-2 array
H = stack(2, COL1, COL2); % Concatenate the two columns of models.

Notice that this result is very different from the single MIMO LTI model returned by

H = [H11,H12;H21,H22];

Building LTI Arrays Using for Loops

Building LTI Arrays Using tf, zpk, ss, and frd